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Thomas Wright (astronomer)
Thomas Wright (22 September 171125 February 1786) was an English astronomer, mathematician, instrument maker, architect and garden designer. He was the first to describe the shape of the Milky Way and speculate that faint nebulae were distant galaxies.
==Life and works==
Wright was born at Byers Green in County Durham. In 1730 he set up a school in Sunderland, where he taught mathematics and navigation. He later moved to London to work on a number of projects for his wealthy patrons. This was before retiring to County Durham and building a small observatory at Westerton.
Wright is best known for his publication ''An original theory or new hypothesis of the Universe'' (1750), in which he explains the appearance of the Milky Way as "an optical effect due to our immersion in what locally approximates to a flat layer of stars."〔Thomas Wright, ''An Original Theory or New Hypothesis of the Universe'' … (London, England: H. Chapelle, 1750). (From p.48: ) " … the stars are not infinitely dispersed and distributed in a promiscuous manner throughout all the mundane space, without order or design, … this phænomenon () no other than a certain effect arising from the observer's situation, … To a spectator placed in an indefinite space, … it (the Milky Way (''Via Lactea'') ) () a vast ring of stars … "〕 This idea was taken up and elaborated by Immanuel Kant in his ''Universal Natural History and Theory of Heaven''. Another of Thomas Wright's ideas, which is also often attributed to Kant, was that many faint nebulae are actually incredibly distant galaxies. Thomas Wright wrote:〔Wright (1750), (pages 83-84. )〕〔quoted from ''An original theory or new hypothesis of the universe'' by Freeman Dyson, ''Disturbing the Universe'', 1979, pg 245, ISBN 0-330-26324-2〕
Wright emphasised that Earth and the human race are insignificant and transitory parts of a vast universe:〔Wright (1750), (page 76. )〕〔 Quotes Wright's book ''An Original Theory of (sic) New Hypothesis of the Universe''〕
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